Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a condition that affects the gums and other supporting structures of the teeth. It’s caused by the buildup of plaque and tartar on the teeth, which leads to inflammation of the gums and eventual destruction of the bone and connective tissue that support the teeth.
There are two main stages of gum disease: gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is the early stage of gum disease, characterized by red, swollen gums that bleed easily when brushing or flossing. If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, a more serious form of gum disease that can result in tooth loss and other serious health problems.
The main risk factors for gum disease include poor oral hygiene, smoking, a family history of gum disease, certain medical conditions (such as diabetes), and certain medications (such as steroids).
Treatment for gum disease depends on the severity of the condition, but may include deep cleaning procedures (such as scaling and root planing), medication (such as antibiotics), and in severe cases, surgery. It’s important to practice good oral hygiene, such as brushing and flossing regularly, to prevent and control gum disease.